An important step for soil protection is the conversion from conventional to ploughless conservation tillage. Crop residues are no longer incorporated into the topsoil but remain on the soil surface. Such a mulching layer protects the soil against erosion, mitigates the variation of moisture and temperature conditions and promotes soil biodiversity. However, a promotion of soil biodiversity and its activity is not only positive because pest organisms also benefit from straw amendment on the soil surface. A drawback of conservation tillage is the problem of an increasing infection risk with pests like soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi. Such fungi growing on crop residues endanger plant health in the subsequent crop, for instance Fusarium head blight is one of the most important fungal diseases in small grain cereals.